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A technology upgrading strategy is utilized by incumbent companies in a mature industry to deter entry by investing in costly technology upgrades that potential entrants would have trouble matching.
Dividend
A payment made by a corporation to its shareholders, usually as a distribution of profits.
Nominal Rate of Interest
The rate of interest before adjustment for inflation, reflecting the rate at which money will grow over time without considering the purchasing power of that money.
Real Rate of Interest
The interest rate adjusted for inflation, reflecting the true cost of borrowing and the real yield to lenders or investors.
Inflation Rate
The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and, subsequently, purchasing power is falling over time.
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