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TABLE 11-1 Psychologists Have Found That People Are Generally Reluctant to Transmit

question 47

Multiple Choice

TABLE 11-1
Psychologists have found that people are generally reluctant to transmit bad news to their peers. This phenomenon has been termed the "MUM effect." To investigate the cause of the MUM effect, 40 undergraduates at Duke University participated in an experiment. Each subject was asked to administer an IQ test to another student and then provide the test taker with his or her percentile score. Unknown to the subject, the test taker was a bogus student who was working with the researchers. The experimenters manipulated two factors: subject visibility and success of test taker, each at two levels. Subject visibility was either visible or not visible to the test taker. Success of the test taker was either top 20% or bottom 20%. Ten subjects were randomly assigned to each of the 2 x 2 = 4 experimental conditions, then the time (in seconds) between the end of the test and the delivery of the percentile score from the subject to the test taker was measured. (This variable is called the latency to feedback.) The data were subjected to appropriate analyses with the following results.

-Referring to Table 11-1, in the context of this study, interpret the statement: "Subject visibility and test taker success interact."

Definitions:

Gordon Model

A method to determine the value of a stock by considering expected dividends, growth rate of these dividends, and the required rate of return.

Stock Pricing Models

Theoretical models used to determine the fair value of a stock based on future dividends, free cash flow, or other attributes of the company.

Gordon Model

A dividend discount model that values a stock by assuming a constant growth rate in dividends and discounting them back to their present value.

Market Return

The total return on an investment, including dividends and capital gains, as opposed to the annual return.