TABLE 11-5 A Physician and President of a Tampa Health Maintenance Organization

question 17

Multiple Choice

TABLE 11-5
A physician and president of a Tampa Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) are attempting to show the benefits of managed health care to an insurance company. The physician believes that certain types of doctors are more cost-effective than others. One theory is that Primary Specialty is an important factor in measuring the cost-effectiveness of physicians. To investigate this, the president obtained independent random samples of 20 HMO physicians from each of 4 primary specialties - General Practice (GP) , Internal Medicine (IM) , Pediatrics (PED) , and Family Physicians (FP) - and recorded the total charges per member per month for each. A second factor which the president believes influences total charges per member per month is whether the doctor is a foreign or USA medical school graduate. The president theorizes that foreign graduates will have higher mean charges than USA graduates. To investigate this, the president also collected data on 20 foreign medical school graduates in each of the 4 primary specialty types described above. So information on charges for 40 doctors (20 foreign and 20 USA medical school graduates) was obtained for each of the 4 specialties. The results for the ANOVA are summarized in the following table:

-Referring to Table 11-5, is there evidence of a difference between the mean charges of foreign and USA medical school graduates?

• A) Yes, the test for the main effect for primary specialty is significant at α = 0.10.
• B) No, the test for the main effect for medical school is not significant at α = 0.10.
• C) No, the test for the interaction is not significant at α = 0.10.
• D) Maybe, but we need information on the β-estimates to fully answer the question.

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Definitions:

Long-Term Memory

A type of memory responsible for the storage of information over an extended period, from days to decades, involving facts, experiences, and skills.

Sensory Memory

The shortest-term element of memory, where sensory information is retained for very short periods, usually under a second.

Executive Control System

A cognitive system responsible for planning, decision-making, problem-solving, and regulating attention and thoughts, critical for goal-directed behavior.

Rehearsal Loop

A cognitive process involving the repetition of information to keep it in short-term memory or to encode it into long-term memory.