TABLE 11-9
the Marketing Manager of a Company $\quad$

question 74

Short Answer

TABLE 11-9
The marketing manager of a company producing a new cereal aimed for children wants to examine the effect of the color and shape of the box's logo on the approval rating of the cereal. He combined 4 colors and 3 shapes to produce a total of 12 designs. Each logo was presented to 2 different groups (a total of 24 groups) and the approval rating for each was recorded and is shown below. The manager analyzed these data using the ? = 0.05 level of significance for all inferences.
$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\text { COLORS }$
$\begin{array} { l l l l l } \text { SHAPES } & \text { Red } & \text { Green } & \text { Blue } & \text { Yellow } \\\hline \text { Circle } & 54 & 67 & 36 & 45 \\ & 44 & 61 & 44 & 41 \\ \text { Square } & 34 & 56 & 36 & 21 \\ & 36 & 58 & 30 & 25 \\ \text { Diamond } & 46 & 60 & 34 & 31 \\ & 48 & 60 & 38 & 33 \end{array}$

$\text { Analysis of Variance }$
$\begin{array}{lrcrrr}\hline \text { Source } & d f & {S S} & {\text { MS }} & {F} & p \\\hline \text { Colors } & 3 & 2711.17 & 903.72 & 7230 & 0.000 \\\text { Shapes } & 2 & 579.00 & 289.50 & 23.16 & 0.000 \\\text { Interaction } & 6 & 150.33 & 25.06 & 2.00 & 0.144 \\\text { Error } & 12 & 150.00 & 12.50 & & \\\text { Total } & 23 & 3590.50 & & &\end{array}$


-Referring to Table 11-9, the critical value of the test for significant differences between colors is _____ .

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Definitions:

Materials

Raw substances or components that are converted through the manufacturing process into finished goods.

Equivalent Units

A method in process costing that transforms units that are incomplete into an equivalent number of units that are considered fully completed.

Conversion Costs

Conversion costs are the combined costs of labor and overhead expenses required to convert raw materials into finished products.

Equivalent Units

Measures used in manufacturing to express the amount of work completed in terms of fully finished units during a given period.