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If national income is demand- determined, the condition for national income to be in equilibrium can be stated as:
Unconditioned Stimulus
In behavioral psychology, a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any learning process involved.
Conditioned Responses
Learned reactions that occur in response to previously neutral stimuli after conditioning.
Higher-order Conditioning
A complex form of classical conditioning where a stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus, rather than with an unconditioned stimulus, to elicit a response.
Discriminative Stimuli
Refer to environmental cues or signals that indicate the probable consequence of a particular behavior, guiding organisms to respond accordingly.
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