________ Threats to Internal Validity Arise When Respondents Drop Out

question 23

Multiple Choice

________ threats to internal validity arise when respondents drop out of the research between the pretest and the post-test and,as a result,it cannot be determined if differences between the two tests are the the result of the experimental treatment or are the result of different group characteristics at the two stages of measurement.

• A)Mortality
• B)Researcher bias
• C)Selection
• D)Testing
• E)Premeasurement

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Definitions:

Marginal Tax Rate

The rate at which an additional dollar of income is taxed, representing the percentage of tax applied to the last dollar earned.

Tax-Free

Tax-free describes goods, transactions, or income that are not subject to taxation by the government.

Taxed

Subjected to a financial charge or levy by a government on income, goods, or activities.

Progressive Tax

A tax system in which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases, resulting in those who have higher incomes being taxed at a higher rate.