Unusual Fluctuations Occur When

question 83

Multiple Choice

Unusual fluctuations occur when:

• A) fluctuations or relationships are inconsistent with other relevant information.
• B) fluctuations or relationships differ from expected values by a significant amount.
• C) significant differences are expected and do exist.
• D) either A or B is true.

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Definitions:

Transactional Leadership

A leadership style based on a system of rewards and punishments contingent upon the performance of the followers.

Implicit Leadership Perspective

A theory suggesting that people have ingrained beliefs and expectations about what qualities and behaviors make someone a good leader.

Fiedler’s Contingency Model

is a leadership theory suggesting that a leader’s effectiveness is dependent on how well the leader's style matches the situation or context.

Leadership Substitutes

Factors that can replace the need for leadership by making leadership unnecessary, such as highly structured tasks or highly motivated individuals.