Evolutionary Biologists Have Always Used a Broad Range of Modern

question 1

Essay

Evolutionary biologists have always used a broad range of modern organisms to infer the characteristics that ancestral organisms may have possessed.Genomic sequences are now available for an increasing number of species, and scientists studying evolutionary processes can take advantage of this enormous amount of data to bring evolution into the arena of molecular studies.By aligning the sequences of homologous genes and looking for regions of similarity and where changes have occurred, it is possible to infer the sequence of the ancestral gene.
A.What term is used to describe the changes in gene sequences that have occurred? How can we use what we know about this process to construct a time line showing when various sequence changes occurred and when they led to the modern sequences that we know today?
B.It is possible to express an ancestral gene sequence in modern organisms and subsequently compare the function of its product with that of the modern protein.Why might this approach give misleading conclusions?

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Definitions:

Great Britain

An island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe, comprising England, Scotland, and Wales, and forming the largest part of the United Kingdom.

Exclusive representation

The legal designation of a single labor union to represent all the employees in a bargaining unit in negotiations with the employer, regardless of whether all employees are union members.

Great Britain

A geographical and political entity comprising England, Scotland, and Wales, which together form the largest part of the United Kingdom.

Confederation

An organization or alliance of groups united in a common purpose, often used in the context of labor to describe unions coming together for mutual benefit.