In Instrumental Conditioning, What Is the Distinction Between Negative Reinforcement

question 62

Multiple Choice

In instrumental conditioning, what is the distinction between negative reinforcement and punishment?

• A) There is no difference. They are two words for the same concept.
• B) Negative reinforcement can occur when a stimulus is positive, and punishment only occurs when a stimulus is painful.
• C) Negative reinforcement occurs when a negative outcome is avoided, while punishment occurs when an action causes a negative outcome.
• D) Negative reinforcement creates a preference for negative results, while punishment teaches people to avoid negative results.

Comprehend the accounting and reporting requirements for unrealized gains and losses, including how they are reflected on the financial statements.

Recognize how dividends and interest from investments are accounted for and reported in the financial statements.

Identify and understand different forms of resistance in therapy.

Comprehend the stages of change process and their characteristics.

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Definitions:

Dopamine

The neurotransmitter whose high activity has been shown to be related to schizophrenia.

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

A primary metabolite of serotonin, used as a chemical marker to evaluate serotonin function in the body.

Problem-solving Skills

Abilities utilized to identify, define, and solve problems through systematic and creative approaches.

Gene-splicing

A biotechnological method that involves altering the genetic material of an organism by recombining DNA fragments.