You Examine a Patient Who Is Complaining of Belching (Burping)

question 76

Multiple Choice

You examine a patient who is complaining of belching (burping) , bloating, and some vomiting. She also has some abdominal discomfort which she describes as a dull, burning pain that is worse when she is hungry and is often relieved when she takes antacids. You suspect that she may have Helicobacter pylori gastritis, and send her for a urea breath test. The breath test is positive; based on this, you get the patient's stool tested for blood, and you send her for an endoscopy, during which a biopsy is taken. Your diagnosis is confirmed by the results of these tests and that she does indeed have H. pylori.
-Your patient asks you how a bacterium can survive in her stomach, which she knows is very acidic. You explain that

• A) H. pylori produces urease that converts urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia; the ammonia neutralizes the pH of the stomach, allowing the bacteria to survive.
• B) H. pylori has the ability to form endospores in hostile environmental conditions. It does this in the acidic stomach, only germinating once they reach the small intestine.
• C) H. pylori is an acidophile, and as such prefers acidic pH levels of 1-3; gastric juices contain hydrochloric acid which has a very low pH.
• D) H. pylori is encased in the very thick polysaccharide capsule that protects it from the degradative effects of the HCl found in the stomach.
• E) H. pylori forms a biofilm with the other normal microbiota of the stomach. The structure of the biofilm covers and protects the bacteria within it.

Recognize the impact and responsibilities of individuals and businesses in the context of environmental sustainability.

Comprehend the role of green chemistry in transitioning to sustainable practices.

Identify strategies for businesses to adopt in response to the shift toward sustainable enterprise.

Acquire knowledge on regulations and directives affecting environmental responsibilities.

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Definitions:

Imbalanced

A state or condition where things are not equal or in correct proportions.

Moral Problems

Dilemmas or conflicts that arise when faced with decisions that affect the welfare or rights of others, often requiring ethical judgment.

Moral Standards

Principles that govern behaviors and actions, determined by societal norms, ethics, and laws defining what is considered right and wrong.

Law Breakers

Individuals who violate rules or regulations established by legal authority.