Cells Are Often Ground Up with Abrasive to Get to Their

question 9

Multiple Choice

Cells are often ground up with abrasive to get to their internal enzymes/molecules, followed by removal of the abrasives. Here are three situations and three outcomes. What is the correct interpretation of the results?
In situation #1, radioactive amino acids are added to cell material, and radioactive proteins are produced.
In situation #2, radioactive amino acids, cell material, and the enzyme DNAse (degrades DNA) are added together. Radioactive proteins are still produced.
In situation #3, the ground-up cell material is allowed to sit for 24 hours before radioactive amino acids and DNAse are added to it. No radioactive protein is produced. What is the most likely interpretation?

• A) RNA polymerase has no activity after 24 hours, so no mRNA is transcribed and translated into radioactive proteins in the last scenario.
• B) The radioactivity in the amino acids is altering/degrading the tRNA molecules, leading to no protein production in the last scenario.
• C) Natural RNAses present in the ground-up material will degrade any existing mRNAs in that 24-hour interval. Added DNAses break down DNA so that new RNAs are not synthesized. This will lead to a loss of capability to translate protein in the last scenario.
• D) The radioactivity in the amino acids completely disappears within 24 hours. Transcription and translation occur as usual, but there is no radioactivity left in the system, so proteins are untagged.
• E) No conclusions can be made from the information given. More results are needed to interpret these experiments.

Understand the concept of plate tectonics and how continental and oceanic plates interact.

Identify and describe the processes of subduction, convergence, and divergence in plate boundaries.

Recognize and categorize different geological features formed by plate movements, such as mountain belts, ocean trenches, and mid-ocean ridges.

Explain the formation and significance of seafloor spreading in creating new oceanic crust.

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Definitions:

Repeat Buying

The act of customers purchasing a product or service from the same company on multiple occasions over time.

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A metric that measures the percentage of the total number of items on the order that the firm shipped on time.

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Technologies that are accessed over the internet using web browsers, enabling users to interact with online content and services.