Daniel Notices That Every Year with a Mild Winter, His

question 1

Multiple Choice

Daniel notices that every year with a mild winter, his roses begin to bloom in February, but every year with a severe winter, his roses do not begin to bloom until April. He concludes that the severity of the winter is responsible for the month in which his roses begin to bloom. Daniel is

• A) definitely confusing correlation with causation.
• B) very probably correct in his conclusion that the severity of the winter is a cause of when his roses begin to bloom.
• C) likely correct that there is causation, but the causation is more likely running in the opposite direction in that the initial blooming of his roses is the cause of the severity of the previous winter.
• D) probably misguided in that there is no apparent correlation or causation in this situation.

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Definitions:

Convergent Validity

Convergent validity is the extent to which two measures of constructs that theoretically should be related, are in fact related.

Cronbach's Alpha

A measure of internal consistency that assesses how closely related a set of items are as a group, often used in survey research.

Internal Consistency

A measure of the reliability of a psychological test that assesses the extent to which different test items that propose to measure the same general construct produce similar results.

Cohen's Kappa

Cohen's Kappa is a statistical measure used to assess the reliability of inter-rater agreement for qualitative (categorical) items, correcting for the chance of agreement.