The Idea That Mass Communication Ordinarily Does Not Serve as a Necessary

question 18

Multiple Choice

The idea that mass communication ordinarily does not serve as a necessary and sufficient cause of audience effects,but rather functions among and through a nexus (web) of mediating factors and influences,is the basis of Joseph Klapper's _____________ theory.

• A) two-step flow
• B) dissonance
• C) magic bullet
• D) reinforcement

Comprehend the concept and examples of logrolling in politics.

Evaluate the impacts and limitations of government involvement in addressing market failures.

Understand the implications of public officials and voters' incentives on legislative processes.

Discern the challenges associated with using voting as a decision-making mechanism in public choice theory.

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Definitions:

Intermittent Reinforcement

A conditioning schedule in which a behavior is reinforced at irregular intervals, leading to stronger and more resilient behavioral responses.

Continuous Reinforcement

A conditioning schedule where every correct or desired response is followed by a reward, encouraging repeated behavior.

Generic Influence Tactics

Broad strategies employed by individuals or groups to persuade or motivate others towards achieving a specific action or outcome.

Participative Tactics

Strategies that involve engaging stakeholders or team members in the decision-making process, aiming to increase involvement, commitment, and collaboration.