If an Experimental Treatment Had Different Effects on Subjects of Different

question 13

Multiple Choice

If an experimental treatment had different effects on subjects of different ages,we would conclude that:

• A) there was a confounding in the study
• B) there was an interaction
• C) the study lacked external validity
• D) a longitudinal design is more appropriate

---

Definitions:

Positive Reinforcement

A concept in behavioral psychology where a behavior is encouraged by rewarding it, thereby increasing the likelihood of its recurrence.

Aversive Punishment

Aversive Punishment involves applying an unpleasant stimulus with the goal of decreasing or eliminating an undesirable behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

The strengthening of a behavior because it removes or decreases an unpleasant experience or outcome.

Aversive Punishment

A form of punishment that involves introducing an unpleasant or painful stimulus in order to reduce the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring.