In the Past, Some Psychologists Have Concluded That Shared Family

question 35

Multiple Choice

In the past, some psychologists have concluded that shared family environments have little or no effect on personality development. Recent research has cast doubt on such conclusions by finding that

• A) molecular geneticists identified the specific alleles associated with each of the Big Five personality traits.
• B) the shared family environment actually has a larger effect on personality than does the shared nonfamily environment (e.g., school).
• C) the shared environment was related to certain aspects of personality when personality was measured through direct behavioral observation.
• D) the shared environment was related to personality when personality was measured through self-report data.

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Definitions:

Verbal Behaviors

Refers to the ways in which individuals use language and speech to communicate with each other, encompassing a variety of styles and techniques.

Expressing Feelings

The communication of one's emotional states to others through words, actions, or artistic expression.

Nonverbal Messages

Information conveyed without words, using gestures, body language, facial expressions, and other visual cues.