Imagine We Were Interested in the Effect of Supporters Singing

question 29

Multiple Choice

Imagine we were interested in the effect of supporters singing on the number of goals scored by soccer teams.We took 10 groups of supporters of 10 different soccer teams and asked them to attend three home games,one at which they were instructed to sing in support of their team (e.g.,'Come on,you reds!') ,one at which they were instructed to sing negative songs towards the opposition (e.g.,'You're getting sacked in the morning!') and one at which they were instructed to sit quietly.The order of chanting was counterbalanced across groups.A one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted and post hoc tests were selected.Looking at the output below,which of the following sentences regarding the pairwise comparisons is correct?

• A)Soccer teams scored significantly more goals when their supporters sang positive songs towards them compared to when they sang negative songs towards the opposition and compared to when they did not sing at all.Soccer teams did not significantly differ in the number of goals scored when their supporters sang negative songs compared to when they did not sing at all.
• B)Soccer teams scored significantly more goals when their supporters sang positive songs towards them compared to when they sang negative songs towards the opposition,but not compared to when they did not sing at all.Soccer teams scored significantly fewer goals when their supporters sang negative songs compared to when they did not sing at all.
• C)Soccer teams scored significantly more goals when their supporters sang positive songs towards them compared to when they sang negative songs towards the opposition,but not compared to when they did not sing at all.Soccer teams did not significantly differ in the number of goals scored when their supporters sang negative songs compared to when they did not sing at all.
• D)Soccer teams scored significantly more goals when their supporters sang positive songs towards them compared to when they sang negative songs towards the opposition and when they did not sing at all.Soccer teams scored significantly more goals when their supporters sang negative songs compared to when they did not sing at all.

---

Definitions:

Poverty Rate

The percentage of the population living below the poverty line, which is typically defined as the income threshold below which an individual or family is considered unable to meet basic needs for living.

More Education

The process or approach of acquiring additional knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits through various means such as schooling, training, or research.

John Rawls

A philosopher known for his contributions to political and moral philosophy, especially in his theory of justice as fairness.

Economically Fair Society

A concept where wealth and resources are distributed evenly or equitably among all members of a society, aiming for fairness in economic conditions.