An Experiment Was Done to Look at Whether There Is

question 12

Multiple Choice

An experiment was done to look at whether there is an effect of the number of hours spent practising a musical instrument and gender on the level of musical ability. A sample of 30 (15 men and 15 women) participants who had never learnt to play a musical instrument before were recruited. Participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups that varied in the number of hours they would spend practising every day for 1 year (0 hours, 1 hours, 2 hours) . Men and women were divided equally across groups. All participants had a one-hour lesson each week over the course of the year, after which their level of musical skill was measured on a 10-point scale ranging from 0 (you can't play for toffee) to 10 ('Are you Mozart reincarnated?') .
-An ANOVA was conducted on these data, and the results revealed significant main effects of gender and the number of hours spent practising. Which of the following contrasts could we use to break down the effect of gender?

• A)Repeated contrast
• B)Helmert contrast
• C)None
• D)Simple contrast

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Definitions:

Control Group

A control group is a baseline group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment, allowing researchers to measure the effect of the treatment by comparing it to this group.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A belief or expectation that an individual holds about a future event that manifests because the individual holds it.

Subject Bias

The tendency for study participants to respond or behave in a certain way because they are aware they are being observed or evaluated.

Covert Sensitization

A cognitive-behavioral technique involving the use of unpleasant imagery to reduce the occurrence of unwanted behaviors.