In a 1972 Study, Bransford and Johnson Read an Abstract

question 7

Multiple Choice

In a 1972 study, Bransford and Johnson read an abstract passage aloud to participants who then had to recall as much information as possible. Some participants were also shown a picture that was described by the passage either before or after they heard the passage read. The results of this study demonstrated that memory is better when the information:

• A) can be interpreted in the context of things one already knows.
• B) is presented multiple times.
• C) is presented as a verbal description rather than as a picture.
• D) is presented as a picture rather than as a verbal description.

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Definitions:

Volcanic Breccia

A volcanic rock containing angular fragments in a matrix of finer material.

Igneous Rocks

Rocks formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava, characterized by a crystalline texture and often classified by their silica content.

Classification Table

A systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns, typically used to organize and categorize information such as types or characteristics.

Magma Cooled

The process by which magma loses heat and solidifies to form igneous rocks, typically beneath the Earth's surface.