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Why did Spain not involve itself in the acquisition of colonies while other European countries gained territories?
Operational Definition
A specific description of a concept or variable in terms of the methods used to measure or manipulate it in a given study.
Construct Validity
The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure, assessing the accuracy of an instrument or experiment.
Conceptual Replication
The process of conducting a study with different methods or measures than the original to validate the same underlying concept or hypothesis.
Direct Replication
The process of conducting a study with the same methodology and under the same conditions as a previous study to verify its results.
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