Name Three Threats to External Validity and Explain How They

question 55

Essay

Name three threats to external validity and explain how they can be avoided.

Describe the functions of the middle ear and how it processes sound.

Understand the sensory perception of pitch and loudness and the theories explaining these phenomena.

Recognize the role of different senses in perception, focusing on vision, taste, touch, and pain.

Describe how our sensory systems process and interpret complex stimuli, including taste and smell.

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Definitions:

Two-Factor Theory

A psychological theory proposing that emotions are based on physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal.

Negative Reinforcer

An unpleasant stimulus that, when removed after a response, increases the likelihood of that response occurring in the future.

Classically Conditioned

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A mental health disorder characterized by persistent and excessive worry about different aspects of life.