RESEARCH STUDY 12

question 39

Essay

RESEARCH STUDY 12.3: To study the effects of physical discomfort on attention, Dr.Lopez conducted the following study: A group of participants were required to keep one hand submerged in cold water (52 degrees).Half of the participants kept their hand in the water for 2 minutes, and half of the participants kept their hand in the water for 4 minutes.In addition, half of the participants were given a placebo pill and told it would reduce the pain of the water (pain relief assumed).The other half were given a placebo pill and told that it would have no effect (no pain relief assumed).While their hands were in the water, participants were asked to watch a video where a ball is quickly passed between and underneath three cups.At the end of the video, participants were asked to indicate under which cup the ball could be found.Whether or not the participant picked the correct cup was recorded (as a measure of whether they were paying attention).The results are below. Name the independent variables in this study and describe their levels.

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Definitions:

Laboratories of Democracy

A concept that states can experiment with policies and solutions, serving as prototypes for national legislation.

American System

An economic plan that played a significant role in American policy during the early 19th century, advocating for a high tariff to support internal improvements and protect domestic manufacturing.

New Federalism

A political philosophy that advocates for the redistribution of power from the federal government to state and local governments, emphasizing decentralization.

Dual Federalism

A political concept that views the federal government and the state governments as co-equal sovereign powers with separate and distinct areas of authority.