What Have Scholars Discovered About Voting Based on a Number

question 71

Multiple Choice

What have scholars discovered about voting based on a number of different field experiments?

• A) telephone calls stressing the importance of voting increased turnout the most
• B) television advertising about the closeness of the election had the greatest effect on turnout
• C) personal visits combined with a message about the closeness of the election increased turnout the most
• D) Americans have become so apathetic that there is very little that can be done to increase voter turnout above 50%

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Definitions:

Internal Validity

The extent to which research confirms a reliable cause-and-effect connection between an intervention and its result.

External Validity

How applicable a research study's outcomes are to various scenarios and different populations.

Counseling Research

Is the systematic investigation of therapeutic methods, client outcomes, and counseling processes.

Overreliance

A situation where there is excessive dependence on a particular resource, tool, or strategy, often leading to vulnerability or failure when it is unavailable or ineffective.