Ladd and Dinella Explored the Relationship Between School Engagement and Academic

question 155

Multiple Choice

Ladd and Dinella explored the relationship between school engagement and academic achievement in nearly 400 children as they progressed from first to eighth grade. Which students did the researchers find to be MOST at risk for academic problems?

• A) students with higher levels of engagement
• B) students with higher levels of school liking and cooperative school participation
• C) students with higher levels of avoidance and resistance to classroom participation
• D) students with higher levels of school liking and resistance to classroom participation

---

Definitions:

Excludable

A characteristic of a good or service that allows owners or producers to prevent others from using it without permission or payment.

Rival

An entity competing against another in the same market, striving for a greater share of assets, customers, or recognition.

Nonexcludable

A property of a good where it is not possible to prevent individuals from consuming the good, regardless of whether they have paid for it.

Clean Water

Water that is free from pollutants and contaminants, making it safe for human consumption and use.