Consider the Diagram Below $$\begin{array} { l l l } \mathrm { O } _ { 1 } & &\mathrm { O } _ { 2 } \\\mathrm { O } _ { 1 } & \mathrm { X } & \mathrm { O } _ { 2 }\end{array}$$

question 72

Multiple Choice

Consider the diagram below. Which type of design is depicted in this diagram?
$$\begin{array} { l l l } \mathrm { O } _ { 1 } & &\mathrm { O } _ { 2 } \\\mathrm { O } _ { 1 } & \mathrm { X } & \mathrm { O } _ { 2 }\end{array}$$

• A) the interrupted time-series design
• B) the posttest-only control-group design
• C) the nonequivalent group design
• D) the pretest-posttest control-group design

Understand the limitations of designs lacking comparison groups, random assignment, or control groups and their effect on internal validity.

Differentiate between true experimental designs and quasi-experimental designs based on participant assignment and their impacts on research outcomes.

Understand the purpose and application of different control groups in research design.

Recognize the limitations and strengths of factorial designs in experimental research.

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