Examine the Results in Table 1 on P

question 81

Essay

Examine the results in Table 1 on p. 384 of the article. In APA-format, explain (in words) the results for Muscularity (F).

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Definitions:

Higher-Order Reinforcement

A process in which reinforcement is given for behavior that meets or exceeds a previously established criterion of performance.

Secondary Reinforcement

A conditioning process where a stimulus reinforces a behavior after it has been associated with a primary reinforcer.

Shaping

A method of operant conditioning by which successive approximations of a desired behavior are reinforced until the exact behavior is achieved.

Generalization

The process in psychology by which a response is made to a stimulus that is similar to, but not identical to, the stimulus that conditioned the response.