In the Following Study, Participants Were Randomly Assigned to Receive

question 7

Short Answer

In the following study, participants were randomly assigned to receive humanistic therapy, psychodynamic therapy, or behavioral therapy for their depression. Six months after therapy ended, participants' levels of depression were rated on a Likert scale from 1 (not at all depressed) to 15 (extremely depressed).
$\begin{array}{lcccc}{\text { GROUP }} & \text { N } & \text { MEAN } & \text { STD DEV } & \text { STD ERROR } \\\text { 1 (humanistic) } & 10 & 5.40 & 2.17 & 0.69 \\\text { 2 (psychodynamic) } & 10 & 7.50 & 2.84 & 0.90 \\\text { 3 (behavioral) } & 10 & 5.60 & 3.13 & 0.99\end{array}$


ONEWAY ANOVA: THERAPY bY DEPRESSION
$\begin{array} { l c c c c c } & \text { SUM OF } & & \text { MEAN } & & \\ \text { SOURCE } & \text { SQUARES } & \text { DF } & \text { SQUARES } & \text { F RATIO } & \text { PROB. } \\ & & & & & \\ \text { BETWEEN GROUPS } & 26.87 & 2 & 13.73 & 1.78 & .187 \\ \text { WTHIN GROUPS } & 203.30 & 27 & 7.53 & & \\ \text { TOTAL } & 230.17 & 29 & & & \end{array}$

POST HOC TEST: Tukey-HSD with significance level .05
* Indicates significant differences shown for pairings

$\begin{array}{lll}G & G & G \\r & r & r \\p & p & p \\1 & 2 & 3\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\text { Mean}& \text { THERAPY }\\5.40 & \text { Grp 1 } \\7.50 & \text { Grp 2 } \\5.60 & \text { Grp 3 }\end{array}$

-What is the dependent variable in this study?

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Definitions:

Role Models

Individuals admired for their qualities or achievements, who serve as examples for others to emulate in behavior and decision-making.

Transformational Perspective

A leadership approach focusing on inspiring and motivating followers to exceed their own interests for the good of the group or organization.

Modeling The Way

A leadership approach that involves demonstrating the behaviors and attitudes that are expected of others, serving as a role model for the team.

Kouzes And Posner

Scholars known for their research on leadership practices, co-authors of "The Leadership Challenge."