Why Are Participant Characteristics Not True Independent Variables

question 38

Multiple Choice

Why are participant characteristics not true independent variables?

• A) Participant characteristics are extraneous variables, not independent variables.
• B) Participant characteristics are confounded with stimulus independent variables.
• C) Participant characteristics are not manipulated by the researcher.
• D) Participant characteristics are not operationally defined.

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Definitions:

Phoenix Payroll System

A specific payroll processing software used by the Canadian government, noted for its significant implementation problems.

Structured Problem

A problem with clear, definable solutions and methodologies for solving, often with specific desired outcomes.

Unstructured Problem

A problem characterized by uncertainty and complexity, lacking a clear, fixed, or predefined solution path.

Ill-structured Problem

A type of problem that is complex and ambiguous, with no clear goal or well-defined solution paths.