In an Effort to Identify the Influence of Genetic Factors

question 62

Multiple Choice

In an effort to identify the influence of genetic factors on both Type 1 diabetes and Type II diabetes, researchers calculated concordance rates for monozygotic twins. Concordance rates of 30-50% have been found for Type I diabetes with concordance rates of 80% for Type II. For both kinds of diabetes, dizygotic concordance rates were about 15%. What does this information suggest concerning the relative effect of genetic and environmental factors for each type of diabetes?

• A) Genetic factors have little or no role in the occurrence of Type I diabetes.
• B) Type II diabetes is primarily determined by nongenetic factors.
• C) Genetic influences exert a larger role in Type II diabetes than in Type I diabetes.
• D) Type II diabetes appears to be caused by a single unidentified gene.
• E) Environmental factors have no role in the occurrence of either type of diabetes.

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Definitions:

Electron

A subatomic particle with a negative electric charge, fundamental to electricity, and a key component of atoms.

Atom

The smallest unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus and electrons, forming the basis of all chemical substances.

Knock

A term often used in automotive to describe the premature combustion of fuel in the cylinder of an engine, leading to inefficient performance.

Compound

A substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together.