You Are Attempting to Determine Whether a Plant-Derived Processed FoodC You Obtain the Results Shown in the Panel Below

You Are Attempting to Determine Whether a Plant-Derived Processed Food

question 69

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You are attempting to determine whether a plant-derived processed food sample (for example, a corn chip) contains material from a genetically modified organism (GMO). First, you crush the sample and attempt to extract DNA from it. Next, you perform PCR using two different sets of primers. One primer set will amplify a DNA sequence present in all plants. The second primer set will amplify a DNA sequence only found in GMO plants.
a. Why must you use both sets of primers for this experiment?
b. In addition to the test sample, you obtain a negative control sample (food material you are certain does not contain GMO material) and a positive control sample (food material you are certain does contain GMO material). You perform the DNA extraction on these three samples and then the PCR reactions with each of the two primer sets described above. Complete the following table with your expectations for this PCR reaction. $\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Lane } & { \text { PCR reaction } } & { \begin{array} { c } \text { Expect band? } \\\text { [non-GMO food] }\end{array} } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Expect band? } \\\text { [GMO food] }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & \text { Negative control - plant primers } & & \\\hline 2 & \text { Negative control - GMO primers } & & \\\hline 3 & \text { Test sample - plant primers } & & \\\hline 4 & \text { Test sample - GMO primers } & & \\\hline 5 & \text { Positive control - plant primers } & & \\\hline 6 & \text { Positive control - GMO primers } & & \\\hline\end{array}$ c. You obtain the results shown in the panel below. What conclusions can you draw from these reaction results? Does this test sample contain genetically modified components? Why or why not? $You are attempting to determine whether a plant-derived processed food sample (for example, a corn chip) contains material from a genetically modified organism (GMO). First, you crush the sample and attempt to extract DNA from it. Next, you perform PCR using two different sets of primers. One primer set will amplify a DNA sequence present in all plants. The second primer set will amplify a DNA sequence only found in GMO plants. a. Why must you use both sets of primers for this experiment? b. In addition to the test sample, you obtain a negative control sample (food material you are certain does not contain GMO material) and a positive control sample (food material you are certain does contain GMO material). You perform the DNA extraction on these three samples and then the PCR reactions with each of the two primer sets described above. Complete the following table with your expectations for this PCR reaction. \begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Lane } & { \text { PCR reaction } } & { \begin{array} { c } \text { Expect band? } \\ \text { [non-GMO food] } \end{array} } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Expect band? } \\ \text { [GMO food] } \end{array} \\ \hline 1 & \text { Negative control - plant primers } & & \\ \hline 2 & \text { Negative control - GMO primers } & & \\ \hline 3 & \text { Test sample - plant primers } & & \\ \hline 4 & \text { Test sample - GMO primers } & & \\ \hline 5 & \text { Positive control - plant primers } & & \\ \hline 6 & \text { Positive control - GMO primers } & & \\ \hline \end{array} c. You obtain the results shown in the panel below. What conclusions can you draw from these reaction results? Does this test sample contain genetically modified components? Why or why not?$

Definitions:

Long-term Memory

The phase or type of memory responsible for the storage of information over extended periods, ranging from minutes to a lifetime.

Sensory Memory

The shortest-term element of memory, which allows individuals to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimulus has ceased.

Serial Search

A search for information in which several stores or slots of information are sequentially examined for match to the target.

Anterograde Amnesia

A condition in which a person is unable to form new memories following the onset of amnesia, although memories from before the onset may remain intact.