The mutagen EMS converts guanine (G) to O-6-ethylguanine (G*). O-6-ethylguanine (G*) forms base pairs with thymine (T) instead of cytosine (C). Suppose that exposure to EMS damages a DNA molecule as shown below: 
a. Diagram the steps required for the incorporated G* to induce a stably inherited mutation. Your diagram should include all necessary rounds of replication.
b. Characterize the mutation induced by EMS as a transition, transversion, or frameshift.
Definitions:
Cervical Lacerations
Tears in the cervix, often occurring during childbirth.
Granular Cervical Surface
A description often used to indicate a roughened, uneven, or granulated appearance of the surface of the cervix, which might be seen during medical examinations or procedures.
Papanicolaou Smear
A test, also known as a Pap smear, that collects cells from the cervix to detect cervical cancer and other abnormalities.
Menstruating
Refers to the monthly process where the uterine lining is shed, resulting in bleeding through the vagina in females of reproductive age.
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