According to Vroom's Expectancy-Valence Theory, Instrumentality Is

question 51

Multiple Choice

According to Vroom's expectancy-valence theory, instrumentality is

• A) a measure of the impact of the Pygmalion effect.
• B) a measure of the usefulness of an employee.
• C) the perceived probability that a promised reward will actually be received.
• D) the perceived likelihood that a behavior will lead to an outcome.

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Definitions:

Taxable Income

The amount of an individual's or a corporation's income used to determine how much tax they owe, after exemptions and deductions are factored in.

Marginal Tax Rate

The rate of tax applied to the next dollar of taxable income, indicating the percentage of any additional income that will be taken as tax.

Average Tax Rate

The proportion of total income paid in taxes, calculated by dividing the total tax amount by the taxpayer's total income.

Taxable Income

The amount of an individual's or business's income used to calculate how much tax they owe to the government in a given year.