The Following Questions Refer to the Evolutionary Tree in the Figure

question 45

Multiple Choice

The following questions refer to the evolutionary tree in the figure below.
The horizontal axis of the cladogram depicted below is a timeline that extends from 100,000 years ago to the present; the vertical axis represents nothing in particular. The labeled branch points on the tree (V-Z) represent various common ancestors. Let's say that only since 50,000 years ago has there been enough variation between the lineages depicted here to separate them into distinct species, and only the tips of the lineages on this tree represent distinct species.

-Evolutionary trees such as this are properly understood by scientists to be ________.

• A) theories
• B) hypotheses
• C) dogmas
• D) facts

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Definitions:

Transferable Permits

Transferable permits are regulatory instruments that allow the holder to emit a certain amount of pollution or use a certain amount of a resource; they can be bought and sold, creating a market for these permits.

Transferable Emissions Permit

A market-based approach to controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants, allowing entities to buy, sell, or trade permits.

Marginal Cost

The increase in total cost that arises from producing one additional unit of a good or service.

Abatement

The reduction in the degree or intensity of pollution.