TABLE 12-1
a Study Published in the American Journal of Public

question 187

Multiple Choice

TABLE 12-1
A study published in the American Journal of Public Health was conducted to determine whether the use of seat belts in motor vehicles depends on ethnic status in San Diego County. A sample of 792 children treated for injuries sustained from motor vehicle accidents was obtained, and each child was classified according to (1) ethnic status (Hispanic or non-Hispanic) and
(2) seat belt usage (worn or not worn) during the accident. The number of children in each category is given in the table below.
$$\begin{array}{l}\begin{array} { l |r l } &\text {Hispanic }&\text {Non Hispanic }\\\hline \text { Seat belts worn } & 31 & 148 \\\text { Seat belts not worn } & 283 & 330\end{array}\end{array}$$
-Referring to Table 12-1, at 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that

• A) use of seat belts in motor vehicles depends on ethnic status in San Diego County.
• B) use of seat belts in motor vehicles is associated with ethnic status in San Diego County.
• C) use of seat belts in motor vehicles is related to ethnic status in San Diego County.
• D) all of the above

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Definitions:

Experimental Neurosis

A pattern of erratic or maladaptive behavior in animals caused by exposure to unpredictable and uncontrollable events, used as a model to study human neuroses.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.

Motivated Behavior

Actions driven by internal or external forces that direct organisms towards specific goals.

Systematic Desensitization

A behavior therapy technique used to help individuals overcome phobias and anxiety disorders by gradually exposing them to the feared object or situation in a controlled environment.