A Woman Experiences High Levels of Nervousness Right Before She

question 1

Multiple Choice

A woman experiences high levels of nervousness right before she is to speak in front of a large audience. She decides she can't go through with the speech. She later tells her husband she could not speak because she was anxious. If her husband were B. F. Skinner, how might he respond?

• A) "Your feelings of anxiety indeed caused you to not speak because they acted like a punishment."
• B) "The anxiety is unrelated to the change in your behavior."
• C) "The change in your behavior and your feelings of anxiety probably have the same aversive contingencies as a common cause."
• D) "Anxious feelings do not exist because we cannot observe them."

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Definitions:

Pollutants

Substances that contaminate the environment, causing harm to ecosystems and human health, including chemicals, noise, and waste products.

Stock Externality

Accumulated result of action by a producer or consumer which, though not accounted for in the market price, affects other producers or consumers.

Negative Externality

A situation where the production or consumption of a good or service imposes a cost on third parties not directly involved in the transaction.

Noise Pollution

Unwanted or harmful outdoor sound, including industrial, transportation, and recreational noises, that can disrupt daily life and harm health.