The Least Squares Method Requires That the Variance $\sigma _ { z } ^ { 2 }$

question 48

Multiple Choice

The least squares method requires that the variance $\sigma _ { z } ^ { 2 }$ of the error variable $\varepsilon$ is a constant no matter what the value of x is. When this requirement is violated, the condition is called:

• A)heteroscedasticity.
• B)homoscedasticity.
• C)influential observation.
• D)non-independence of \(\varepsilon\).

---

Definitions:

Leadership Studies

An interdisciplinary academic field dedicated to understanding leadership, its processes, and impacts on groups and organizations.

Dyadic

Pertaining to an interaction or relationship between two entities or individuals.

Group Subordinates

refers to the members of a group who report to a leader or manager, emphasizing their collective role within a hierarchical organization.

Heroic Leader

A leadership archetype characterized by remarkable personal qualities and the ability to achieve significant success amidst challenges.