Given the Argument: S ∨ L / L ⊃ ∼

question 141

Multiple Choice

Given the argument: S ∨ L / L ⊃ ∼ S // S ∨ ∼ L
This argument is:

• A) Invalid; fails in 1^st line.
• B) Invalid; fails in 2^nd line.
• C) Valid.
• D) Invalid; fails in 3^rd line.
• E) Invalid; fails in 4^th line.

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Definitions:

Maslow's Hierarchy

A theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow, suggesting that people are motivated by five basic categories of needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization, which they seek in a pre-determined order.

Physiological

Pertaining to the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts, including the physical and chemical processes involved.

Self-Actualisation

The achievement of realizing one's abilities and potential, viewed as an innate motivation or necessity in all individuals.

Deficit Principle

A concept indicating that the less frequently a reward is available or the less a need is satisfied, the more value or desirability that reward or satisfaction of the need has.