PART a If the Economy Crashes, Then Stock Prices Fall

question 340

Essay

PART A If the economy crashes, then stock prices fall, because if stock prices fall, then pension funds shrink, and if the economy crashes then pension funds shrink.
The form of this argument is: a. $\begin{array} { l } \text {\(\text { If E then } S \text {. }\) }\\ \text {\(\text { If } E \text { then } P \text {. }\) }\\ \hline\text { \(\text { If } \mathrm{S} \text { then } \mathrm{P} \text {. }\)}\\\end{array}$$\quad$ b. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( E \) then \( S \). }\\ \text {\(\text { If } \mathrm{S} \text { then } \mathrm{P} \text {. }\) }\\ \hline\text { \(\text { If } E \text { thet } P \text {. }\)}\\\end{array}$$\quad$ c. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( S \) then \( P \). }\\ \text {\(\text { If } E \text { then } P \text {. }\) }\\ \hline\text {\(\text { If } E \text { then } S \text {. }\) }\\\end{array}$

d. $\begin{array} { l } \text {All \( \mathrm{S} \) are \( \mathrm{P} \). }\\ \text {All E ate P. }\\ \text { All \( \mathrm{E} \) ate \( \mathrm{S} \).}\\\end{array}$$\quad$ e. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( \mathrm{S} \) then \( \mathrm{P} \). }\\ \text {If \( E \) then \( S \). }\\ \text { If \( E \) then \( P \).}\\\end{array}$ PART B
Which of the following substitutions proves the argument invalid?
A) S = Jessica Biel is a man, P = Jessica Biel is a human, E = Jessica Biel is a woman.
B) S = cats, P = animals, E = dogs.
C) S = Jessica Biel is a woman, P = Jessica Biel is a human, E = Jessica Biel is an actress.
D) S = Matt Damon is an actor, P = Matt Damon is a lawyer, E = Matt Damon is a professional.
E) S = Susan is rich, P = Susan is famous, E = Susan is happy.

• A) S = Jessica Biel is a man, P = Jessica Biel is a human, E = Jessica Biel is a woman.
• B) S = cats, P = animals, E = dogs.
• C) S = Jessica Biel is a woman, P = Jessica Biel is a human, E = Jessica Biel is an actress.
• D) S = Matt Damon is an actor, P = Matt Damon is a lawyer, E = Matt Damon is a professional.
• E) S = Susan is rich, P = Susan is famous, E = Susan is happy.

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Definitions:

Olfactory Stimulus

Any object or substance that triggers a response from the olfactory system, related to the sense of smell.

Amygdala

A section of the brain that is involved in emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation.

Thalamus

A structure in the brain located above the brainstem that acts as a relay station for sensory information, directing it to the appropriate areas of the brain for processing.

Conduction Hearing Impairment

A type of hearing loss caused by problems in the ear canal, eardrum, or middle ear that disrupt sound waves' path to the inner ear.