PART a Some Playoff Games Are Heartbreakers, Since All Playoff

question 352

Essay

PART A Some playoff games are heartbreakers, since all playoff games are either heartbreakers or occasions for glee.
Which of the following correctly expresses the form of this argument? a. $\begin{array} { l } \text {All \( \mathrm{P} \) are either \( \mathrm{H} \) or \( \mathrm{O} \). }\\ \hline\text { Some P are \( \mathrm{H} \).}\\\end{array}$$\quad$ b. $\begin{array} { l } \text { Some P are \( \mathrm{H} \).}\\ \hline\text { All \( \mathrm{P} \) are either \( \mathrm{H} \) or \( \mathrm{O} \).}\\\end{array}$

c. $\begin{array} { l } \text {All \( \mathrm{P} \) are either \( \mathrm{H} \) or \( \mathrm{O} \). }\\ \hline\text { Some \( \mathrm{PG} \) are \( \mathrm{H} \). }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ d. $\begin{array} { l } \text {All \( \mathrm{P} \) are \( \mathrm{H} \) }\\ \hline\text { Some \( \mathrm{P} \) are either \( \mathrm{H} \) or \( \mathrm{O} \).}\\\end{array}$

e. $\begin{array} { l } \text {All \( \mathrm{PG} \) are either \( \mathrm{H} \) or \( \mathrm{O} \). }\\ \text { Some \( \mathrm{G} \) are \( \mathrm{H} \).}\\\end{array}$ PART B
Which of the following substitutions proves the argument invalid?
A) P = fish, H = animals, O = mammals.
B) P = dogs, H = cats, O = fish.
C) P = dogs, H = fish, O = animals.
D) P = male, G = dogs, H = animals, O = fish.
E) P = women, H = humans, O = doctors.

• A) P = fish, H = animals, O = mammals.
• B) P = dogs, H = cats, O = fish.
• C) P = dogs, H = fish, O = animals.
• D) P = male, G = dogs, H = animals, O = fish.
• E) P = women, H = humans, O = doctors.

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Definitions:

Control Fate

The concept of having influence or control over the outcomes of one's actions or the direction of events in one's life or environment.

Own Fate

involves the belief or sense that an individual has control over their destiny and the outcomes of their actions.

Type B Orientation

Type B Orientation describes individuals characterized by less competitive, more relaxed, and less stress-driven behavior patterns in comparison to Type A individuals.

Impatience

A disposition toward being quickly irritated or provoked by delays or obstacles.