Discuss Whether the Following Expenditures Meet the Ordinary, Necessary, and Reasonable

question 81

Essay

Discuss whether the following expenditures meet the ordinary, necessary, and reasonable requirements for deductibility.
a.Mortimer owns a shoe store. Every August Mortimer has a "Back-to-School" sale. To promote that event Mortimer spends $2,000 on newspaper and radio advertising. Generally, this event generates about $85,000 in sales. These sales revenues are about twice the level of sales in other months.
b.Wilma bought a small manufacturing business that had been declared bankrupt. To retain the current sales force, she pays some of the obligations owed to these people by the former owners. Wilma has no legal obligation to pay these debts.
c.Ned owns a large sporting goods store. Nick's 17-year-old son, Tony, works in the store when time permits. Nick pays Tony $10 per hour because he has worked in the store several years. Other high school age individuals also work at the store and perform functions requiring less experience than Tony. They are paid $8 per hour.
d.Art is a self-employed CPA. Last month he attended an AICPA Continuing Education course that cost him $750. In addition to the course registration fee, Art incurred $800 in travel expenses to attend the course.
e.Elvira is a stockholder in over 100 different corporations. However, she does not own more than 10 shares of stock in any one company. She enjoys attending annual stockholder meetings and often gives her "two cents worth" about issues affecting the companies' operations. In the past year Elvira spent $7,540 to attend the stockholder meetings to help protect her investments.

Critically analyze the challenges in testing psychoanalytic theories.

Describe the "Big Five" model of personality, including the traits and associated behaviors at different levels.

Understand the methodologies and principles used in personality research, including measurement, psychodynamic perspectives, and the impacts of personality on behavior.

Understand the fundamental definitions and functions of various derivative contracts including futures, options, and swaps.

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Definitions:

Social Norm

Unwritten rules or expectations for behavior within a society or group, guiding members on how to act in typical situations.

Entrapment

A legal defense theory claiming that agents of the government induced a person to commit a crime they would not have otherwise committed.

Authority

In social psychology, it refers to the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.

Disobey

The act of not following a rule or order.