The Accompanying Data on Cortisol Level Was Reported in a Research

question 15

Essay

The accompanying data on cortisol level was reported in a research paper. Experimental subjects were pregnant women whose babies were delivered between 38 and 42 weeks gestation. Group 1 individuals elected to deliver by Caesarean section before labor onset, group 2 delivered by emergency Caesarean during induced labor, and group 3 individuals experienced spontaneous labor. Use the Kruskal-Wallis test at level .05 to test for equality of the three population means. $$\begin{array} { l l l l l l l } \hline \text { Group 1 } & 267 & 312 & 216 & 328 & 459 & 344 \\& 309 & 159 & 292 & 361 & & \\\text { Group 2 } & 470 & 506 & 460 & 360 & 473 & 367 \\\text { Group 3 } & 348 & 777 & 212 & 1053 & 843 & 692 \\\hline\end{array}$$

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Definitions:

Unconscious Wishes

Desires or motives that an individual is not fully aware of but that influence emotions and behavior, a concept often discussed in psychoanalytic theory.

Sigmund Freud

A neurologist from Austria who is recognized as the pioneer of psychoanalysis, which involves treating mental disorders by engaging in conversation between the psychoanalyst and the patient.

Mind's Defenses

Psychological mechanisms or strategies employed by the unconscious mind to protect itself from anxiety, social sanctions, or to provide a refuge from a situation with which one cannot currently cope.

Humanistic Psychologists

Psychologists who focus on the study of the whole person, emphasizing personal growth and the concept of self-actualization.