The Following Questions Refer to the Excerpt Below

question 5

Multiple Choice

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"For some eighteen years,Elizabeth's England had been locked in open war with the Spanish empire of Philip II (succeeded by his son,Philip III,in 1598) .In many ways,the conflict was about religion.Protestant England had long feared Spain was marshalling the forces of international Catholicism against it.By 1585,Elizabeth felt compelled to send troops to aid the (largely Protestant) Dutch to prevent the Spanish army completing its conquest of the Low Countries-the obvious base for an assault on England.English anxieties were further heightened by the sizeable Catholic minority among the queen's own subjects and continuing fears they might prove a fifth column for Spain.Philip II was not only determined to crush the English challenge,but was also infuriated by English piracy,not least against Spanish ships and settlements in the New World.The result was Spain's attempt to invade England by sea in 1588-what is today popularly called 'the Spanish Armada.'"
Historian Paul E.J.Hammer,"England on the Eve of Colonization"
-Which of the following generalizations could be supported by the passage?

• A) European competition between European nations had little impact on the Atlantic world.
• B) European imperial rivalries and competition fueled empire building in the new world.
• C) European rivalries and competition occurred simultaneously with the shift from capitalism to feudalism.
• D) European rivalries and competition did little to alter technological advancements.

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Definitions:

Schemas

Cognitive structures or mental frameworks that help individuals organize and interpret information based on past experiences and knowledge.

Psychosocial Development

Refers to the theory by Erik Erikson that human development is a life-long process divided into eight stages, each characterized by a different psychological conflict that needs resolution.

Cognitive Development

The growth and change in intellectual/mental abilities such as thinking, reasoning, and understanding over the lifespan.

Attachment Theory

A psychological theory that describes the dynamics of long-term interpersonal relationships, focusing on how early attachments influence future emotional development.