Because of the Rising Costs of Industrial Accidents Many Chemical

question 48

Essay

Because of the rising costs of industrial accidents many chemical, mining and manufacturing firms have instituted safety courses. Employees are encouraged to take these courses, which are designed to heighten safety awareness. A company is trying to decide which one of two courses to institute. To help make a decision, eight employees take course 1 and another eight take course 2. Each employee writes a test, which is marked out of a possible 25. The results are shown below. Do these data provide sufficient evidence at the 5% level of significance to conclude that the marks from course 2 are higher than those of course 1? Assume that the scores are not normally distributed. $$\begin{array} { | c | c | } \hline { \text { Safety Test Scores } } \\\hline \text { Course 1 } & \text { Course 2 } \\\hline 14 & 20 \\\hline 21 & 18 \\\hline 17 & 22 \\\hline 14 & 15 \\\hline 17 & 23 \\\hline 19 & 21 \\\hline 20 & 19 \\\hline 16 & 15 \\\hline\end{array}$$

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Definitions:

Psychoanalytic Theories

A set of theories originated by Sigmund Freud that emphasize unconscious processes and childhood experiences in shaping behavior and personality.

Stage Theories

Theoretical models that describe human development as occurring in distinct phases or stages with specific characteristics.

Psychosexual Theory

A theory proposed by Freud that suggests that childhood sexual experiences significantly influence personality development.

Psychosocial Theory

A theory proposed by Erik Erikson that outlines eight stages of psychological development from infancy to late adulthood, each characterized by a specific conflict that contributes to a major aspect of personality.