Figure 16-1
Armati, SA The Following Actually Occurred -Refer to Figure 16-1

question 60

Multiple Choice

Figure 16-1
Armati, SA., is looking for feedback on company performance. The company compares the budget for the year with the actual costs. Data have been collected below:
Armati, SA., had the following budgeted data: $\begin{array}{lr}\text { Unit sales for } 2011 & 26,000 \\\text { Unit production for } 2011 & 26,000\\\\\text { Budgeted fixed overhead for } 2011 \text { : }\\\text { Supervision } & £ 800 \\\text { Depreciation } & 2,000 \\ \text { Rent } & 100\\\\\text { Budgeted variable costs per unit: }\\\text { Direct materials } & £ 0.15 \\\text { Direct labour } & 0.20 \\\text { Supplies } & 0.02 \\\text { Indirect labour } & 0.05 \\\text { Power } & 0.02\end{array}$ The following actually occurred: $\begin{array}{ll}\text { Actual unit sales for } 2011 & 24,000 \\\text { Actual unit production for } 2011 & 28,000\\\\\text { Actual fixed overhead for } 2011 \text { : }\\\text { Supervision } & £ 850 \\\text { Depreciation } & 2,000 \\\text { Rent } & 100\\\\\text { Actual variable costs: }\\\text { Direct materials } & £ 3,500 \\\text { Direct labour } & 4,900 \\\text { Supplies } & 530 \\\text { Indirect labour } & 1,250 \\\text { Power } & 470\end{array}$
-Refer to Figure 16-1. The flexible budget variance for total cost for 2011 is

• A)£90 U.
• B)£140 U.
• C)£230 U.
• D)£50 U.

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Definitions:

Pleasant Stimulus

An external factor that induces a positive emotional response or feeling of pleasure.

Positive Reinforcer

A stimulus when presented after a response increases the probability of that response being repeated, by providing a desirable effect or satisfying a need.

Negative Reinforcer

An unpleasant stimulus that, when removed after a behavior, increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.

Partial Reinforcement

is a conditioning principle where a response is reinforced only a portion of the time, which can lead to a slower acquisition of a response but greater resistance to extinction.