If the Actual Value of a Time Series at Time $\mathrm{MAD}=\frac{\sum_{t=1}^{n}\left|A_{t}-F_{t}\right|}{n}$

question 4

Multiple Choice

If the actual value of a time series at time t and the forecast value for time t is denoted by At and Ft respectively, then the formula for the mean absolute deviation over a range of forecasted values is .

• A) \( \mathrm{MAD}=\frac{\sum_{t=1}^{n}\left|A_{t}-F_{t}\right|}{n} \)
• B) \( \mathrm{MAD}=\frac{\sum_{t=1}^{n}\left(A_{t}-F_{t} \mid\right)^{2}}{n} \)
• C) \( \mathrm{MAD}=\frac{\sum_{t=1}^{n} \sqrt{\left|A_{t}-F\right|}}{n} \)
• D) \( \mathrm{MAD}=\frac{\sum_{t=1}^{n}\left|\frac{A_{t}-F_{t}}{2}\right|}{n} \)

Discuss the role of consumer information in market efficiency and product pricing.

Interpret the impact of technological advancements on supply and market equilibrium.

Evaluate market outcomes based on changes in consumer preferences and income.

Assess the implications of government actions on market prices and equilibrium.

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Definitions:

Visual Systems

The parts of the brain and the eyes that work together to process visual information, enabling sight.

Neurons

Nerve cells that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals in the brain and nervous system.

Angles

A figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, known as the vertex of the angle.

Lines

Straight or curved one-dimensional marks without any width or thickness, used for various purposes in art, geometry, and diagrams.