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To be successful, a cartel must
Two-sided Test
A statistical test that considers both directions of effect by evaluating whether a parameter is either significantly higher or lower than a hypothesized value, allowing for rejection of the null hypothesis for deviations in two directions.
P-value
A metric used in statistics to assist researchers in assessing the importance of their findings, signifying the chance of achieving the observed outcomes assuming the null hypothesis is accurate.
Test Statistic
A calculated value that is used to assess the evidence against the null hypothesis in a statistical test.
Alternative Hypotheses
Statements positing a specific relationship or difference between variables, considered when the null hypothesis is suspected to be false.
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