The Formulas for Some Measures of Association Can Result in Values

question 8

Multiple Choice

The formulas for some measures of association can result in values with either positive or negative signs.Under which of the following circumstances can those signs be meaningfully interpreted?

• A)whenever the data are expressed as frequencies
• B)when the data are measured at the nominal level
• C)when the data are measured at the ordinal level or higher
• D)whenever the data are expressed as percentages

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Definitions:

Psychological Mechanisms

Internal cognitive, emotional, or behavioral processes that mediate between stimulus and response, explaining how individuals perceive, react to, and interact with their environment.

Anxiety

A mental health condition characterized by feelings of worry, anxiety, or fear that are strong enough to interfere with one's daily activities.

Personality

The mix of features or qualities that define an individual's unique identity.

Cerebral Asymmetry

The functional differences between the left and right hemispheres of the brain, often relating to differences in processing emotions, language, and spatial tasks.