One of the Major Difficulties Involved in Studying Human Beings

question 1

Multiple Choice

One of the major difficulties involved in studying human beings is that

• A) they often behave differently when they are being studied than they would otherwise.
• B) suspicion checks reveal that measures of deception rarely work.
• C) participants will rarely give their informed consent to participate.
• D) the IRB only permits about 5 percent of all proposed studies to be carried out.

---

Definitions:

Effortful Processing

The active and conscious encoding of information into the memory system, which often requires attention and effort.

Procedural Memory

A type of long-term memory that involves the unconscious memory of how to perform tasks, such as riding a bike or typing, without consciously thinking about them.

Shallow Processing

A type of cognitive processing in which a person fails to engage deeply with the information, focusing on superficial aspects like the appearance or sound of words rather than their meanings.

Testing Effect

The enhanced memory retention of learned material as a result of being tested on that material, compared to simply studying it without testing.