Use the Following Description and Table to Answer the Next

question 9

Multiple Choice

Use the following description and table to answer the next few questions.
A state education department conducted a study of 1000 primary schools to find out how much parental engagement matters for improving academic performance .They measured parental engagement at each school (on a 1-5 scale) , and used regression analysis to examine the effect of engagement on the percent of students meeting state standards in English language arts .To get a better estimate of the true causal effect of engagement, they controlled for poverty and school size (enrollment) because of a concern that these variables may be influencing both parental involvement and academic performance .The results of various specifications using regression analysis are shown below.
Regression analysis of percent of students meeting ELA standards (various specifications)
$$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | c | } \hline & \text { Spec 1 } & \text { Spec 2 } & \text { Spec 3 } & \text { Spec } 4 \\\hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Parental engagernent (1-5 } \\\text { scale) }\end{array} & 13.1 8 ^ { * } & 8 . 2 3^ * & 14.18 ^ { * } & 9.14 ^ { * } \\\hline \text { Poverty (\%/ of students) } & & - 0 . 4 9 ^{*} & & - .47 * \\\hline \text { Enrollment (\# of students) } & & & .013^*& .009^* \\\hline\end{array}$$
NOTE: N=1000 primary schools; dependent variable is percentage of students meeting standards in English language arts (ELA) ; * p < .05
-The independent variable of interest in this study is ...

• A)Percent meeting ELA standards
• B)Parental engagement
• C)Poverty
• D)Enrollment

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Definitions:

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

An estimate of the amount of accounts receivable that a company does not expect to collect, treated as a contra-asset account.

Bad Debts Expense

The cost associated with accounts receivable that a company does not expect to collect.

Accounts Receivable

Money owed to a business by its customers for products or services that have been delivered but not yet paid for.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Method

The allowance for doubtful accounts method involves estimating and deducting the amount of receivables that may not be collected from the accounts receivable balance.