Franz Joseph Gall Is Credited with Developing This Procedure in Which

question 24

Multiple Choice

Franz Joseph Gall is credited with developing this procedure in which bumps on the head explained one's underlying faculties:

• A) psychophysics
• B) phrenology
• C) physiognomy
• D) psychograph

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Definitions:

Valence

The value an individual places on the expected outcome of an action or behavior, which can influence their motivation.

Instrumentality

In the context of motivation theory, the belief that a certain behavior will lead to achieving a desired outcome or reward.

Positive Instrumentalities

The belief that if one performs well, this will lead to valued outcomes or rewards.

Performance-contingent Basis

A system or approach where rewards, such as bonuses or promotions, are given based on the achievement of specific performance targets or outcomes.