Determine Whether the Following Symbolized Argument Is Valid or Invalid

question 20

Essay

Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction.
(P → T) & S
S → (T → R)
~R/∴ ~T

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Definitions:

Financial Data

Information related to monetary transactions, assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses of an individual or organization.

Breakeven Point

The financial state where total costs and total revenues are equal, meaning no net loss or gain is experienced by the business.

SCORE Chapter

A local branch of SCORE, a nonprofit association dedicated to helping small businesses get off the ground, grow, and achieve their goals through education and mentorship.

College

An educational institution or establishment, especially one providing higher education or specialized professional or vocational training.